Weekend Ramble: 8 Types of Cooking Oils and When to Use Them

This article was originally published on Clover Health.

Cooking oil choices seem endless. Olive, canola, peanut, and more—learn which oils are the best for your health.

By Clover Health

A walk through the cooking oil section of grocery stores today can feel a little overwhelming. With dozens of choices, it can be difficult to determine which oils will have the best health benefits or fit your food prep needs. This overview can help you decide what to stock in your kitchen cabinet. 

Types of Cooking Oils and When to Use Them

Nutrition experts agree that everyone should avoid vegetable shortening and hard-stick margarine and only consume butter and lard in moderation if your doctor gives the OK. You can replace solid fats with a cooking oil that is suited to your style of cooking, tastes, and health goals. 

There are several factors to consider when choosing the best cooking oil, including how hot or how long you will be cooking the food and the smoke point of the oil. When heated to a high temperature, some oils can start to break down and create unhealthy compounds that can be harmful to your health. If oil begins to smoke in a pan, it’s a sign it is too hot and is starting to break down. 

Find out which oils stand up to heat and learn about different types of cooking oil fat content, taste, and more in the list below. 

Olive oil 

Extra-virgin olive oil has heart-healthy monounsaturated fats and anti-inflammatory properties that can lower LDL cholesterol. Because it’s not refined (exposed to high heat), extra-virgin olive oil is often considered the healthier type of olive oil. Regular or light olive oil has a higher smoke point and can be used for searing and pan-frying, but it has fewer antioxidants and is more processed than extra-virgin olive oil. Extra-virgin olive oil has a lower smoke point, so is better suited for making salad dressing, drizzling on pasta, or using with foods that are cooked at a low heat. 

Canola oil

Canola oil is low in saturated fats and can be heated to a range of 400 to 450 degrees. It also has a more subtle flavor than some of the other cooking oils. Canola oil contains plenty of healthy omega-3 fats. One downside to the oil is that it can start to taste or smell slightly fishy as it ages. Generally, canola oil lasts six months to a year after opening and about two years unopened. 

Peanut oil

Peanut oil is great for frying and stir-frying because it can withstand high heat before it starts to break down. It generally has a neutral or slightly nutty flavor. Peanut oil is also a good source of vitamin E and antioxidants as well as heart-healthy monounsaturated fats, but is best used in moderation.

Avocado oil

Like olive oil, avocado oil is high in monounsaturated fats, which are considered heart healthy. Avocado oil is ideal for baking because it has very little flavor. Refined avocado oil has a smoke point of 520 degrees (great for roasting veggies in the oven) and unrefined has a smoke point of 375 degrees. One other thing to consider: Avocado oil can be one of the more expensive oils.

Sunflower and safflower oil

Sunflower and safflower oil come in two versions: regular (traditional) or high oleic. The high-oleic versions are healthier because they include monounsaturated fats in addition to polyunsaturated fats. If you have regular sunflower or safflower oil, it’s best to only use it once in a while since it is high in omega-6 fatty acids, which may lead to inflammation, according to some studies.

Corn, soybean, and other vegetable oils

Vegetable oil is typically made up of corn or soybean oil, or a blend that may include canola, corn, soybean, cottonseed, or sunflower oil. While these oils are healthier than solid fats, they do not have the health benefits of monounsaturated fats that are found in olive, avocado, peanut, and canola oil. Because vegetable oils have a high smoke point, they work well for stir frying, roasting, or baking.

Coconut oil 

Coconut oil should be used in moderation because it has more saturated fats than many of the other plant oils above. While many people have praised the health benefits of medium chain triglycerides found in coconut oil, these fats are actually a low percentage of the oil. Coconut oil does have other beneficial uses and can make for a great moisturizer for skin and hair.

How to Use Cooking Oils

Once you’ve found your favorite oils, there are several different ways to use them. 

• Make your own salad dressings with extra-virgin olive oil. 
• Coat pans to prevent sticking. Be sure to select an oil that has a smoke point and matches your cooking method and heat level. Canola oil and avocado oil are good choices. 
• Substitute oil for butter in recipes. Canola oil and avocado oil are ideal for baking due to their subtle flavors and ability to withstand higher temperatures. Coconut oil can also be  used for baking.
• Stir fry or saute with oils that withstand higher heat, such as peanut, canola, sunflower, or avocado oils. 
• Drizzle extra-virgin olive oil over pasta or cooked vegetables.
• Use extra-virgin olive oil as a dip for breads, replacing butter or margarine. 

Want to see more articles like this? If you aren’t already subscribed to Clover Living magazine, subscribe for free here.

This article was medically reviewed by Dr. Kumar Dharmarajan.

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Have a great week, everyone, and thank you for your support!

Blessed be… and happy cooking!

                                                            Chef Michael R

Weekend Ramble: Red Meat Consumption and Diabetes

As you may or may not know by now, on recommendation from my current cardiologist I have given up roughly 95% of my red meat intake. My labs have improved immensely, so I am glad I listened to him. My change was largely heart related, but in this article by scientists at Michigan State University research studies are showing that the type of meat as well as how it is prepared can have an affect on diabetes factors. No... I am not preaching. Instead I am sharing information I found to be intriguing enough to maybe benefit my fellow diabetics.

Red Meat Consumption and Your Risk of Diabetes

Laura Anderson, Michigan State University Extension - December 12, 2022

Cooking meat properly, along with substituting other proteins, can help to reduce your risk of type 2 diabetes.

For many, meat is considered a staple in the diet and may be the main dish with other foods added as sides. This is known typically as a “Western-based” diet. Meat provides our bodies with a good source of protein and can be prepared in a multitude of ways including baking, frying, grilling and broiling. With creativity, meat can take on many different flavors and textures from spicy and tangy to blackened and charred. But does meat consumption increase our risk for diabetes?

A study conducted in 2014 and published through the National Institute of Health (NIH), followed multiple cohorts of men and women for over two decades collecting data related to their consumption of meat, which included red meat, processed meat and chicken. There are several ways that meat consumption may contribute to diabetes. According to researchers, the nitrates and preservatives in processed meats can damage cells in the pancreas which are involved in insulin production. Red meat contains a high amount of “heme” iron, which can contribute to oxidative stress and inflammation. This study concluded that the consumption of meat is consistently associated with an increased risk of diabetes.

A recent study conducted in 2018, through the Harvard School of Public Health, found that the way red meats are cooked is consistent with the risk of diabetes in a person. Based on data from over 289,000 adults followed for 12 to 16 years, researchers found that there was 1.5 times more opportunity for type 2 diabetes when red meats, chicken and processed meats were eaten after being cooked at high temperatures. This high temperature cooking method is representative of charring the food through grilling and open-fire cooking. This was compared to people that ate meat cooked until lightly browned. The exact reason for the increase is unclear but researchers cite that the chemicals produced from charring could cause an inflammatory effect in the body affecting insulin production and usage. The fact that there was an increased risk of weight gain and obesity from eating foods cooked at high temperatures also may contribute to increase the diabetes risk.

Red meat is generally classified as meat with higher myoglobin levels and is mostly found in four-legged mammals like cattle, pig, lamb, horse and goat. Red meat generally contains higher levels of saturated fatty acids and cholesterol which contribute to cardiovascular disease.

Should you cut meat from your diet if I you are at risk or have type 2 diabetes? According to the American Diabetes Association, decreasing the amount of red meat and processed meat in your diet because of the higher saturated fat and salt amounts is recommended. Try to choose the leanest variety of these meats if you decide to consume them. Include poultry, fish and seafood and don’t forget about non-protein choices like dried beans. Remember, to read food labels for carbohydrate content. Incorporating physical activity on a regular basis is also a great choice to reduce the risk of and manage type 2 diabetes.

For more information on managing diabetes, visit MSU Extension's Diabetes website.

This article was published by Michigan State University Extension. For more information, visit https://extension.msu.edu. To have a digest of information delivered straight to your email inbox, visit https://extension.msu.edu/newsletters. To contact an expert in your area, visit https://extension.msu.edu/experts, or call 888-MSUE4MI (888-678-3464). 

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Have a great week, everyone, and thank you for your support!

Blessed be… and happy cooking!

                                                            Chef Michael R

Weekend Ramble: Vegetarian & Plant Based Eating

I'm not gonna lie... I'm not a huge fan of plant based eating as I firmly believe I was born a carnivore. I do, however, respect people's choices regarding healthy foods and I have even been known to embrace some vegetarian dishes as they cross my path. Since my audience is global, I thought I should do at least one Ramble on the subject.

To that end, here is a very good article originally published by Beth Israel Lahey Health's Joslin Diabetes Learning Center

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Vegetarian and Plant Based Eating

Joslin Education Team - March 29, 2022

A plant-based diet consists of mostly whole grains, fresh fruits and vegetables, legumes (pulses), unsalted nuts, and healthy oils such as olive oil or canola oil. Meat, fish, poultry, and other animal products are included but eaten less often and only in small portions. A vegetarian diet eliminates meat, fish, or poultry or any foods that contain animal protein. It includes whole grains, legumes (pulses), nuts, seeds, vegetables and fruits with or without the use of dairy products and eggs.

There are several different types of a vegetarian diet:

• Semi-vegetarian: Does not eat red meat(s), but occasionally eats fish or poultry and dairy products. Semi-vegetarians are often people who are making a transition to a vegetarian diet.
• Lacto-ovo vegetarian: Eats milk, dairy products and eggs but not meat, fish or poultry.
• Lacto-vegetarian: Eats milk and other dairy products but not meat, fish, poultry or eggs.
• Pescetarian: Eats a diet of fruits, vegetables, grains, legumes and includes fish. They may or may not eat eggs and dairy
• Vegan: Do not eat any animal products (meat, fish, poultry, eggs or dairy foods). A vegan eats only plant-based foods.
• Raw Vegan: Eats only plant foods; including vegetables, fruit, nuts and seeds, legumes (dried beans, peas, and lentils), and sprouted grains. The majority of the food is uncooked varying from 75% to 100%.

Can people with diabetes follow a vegetarian or plant-based diet?

Research shows the many benefits of omega-3 fatty acids. They may reduce the risk for cardiovascular disease, improve cognitive function and vision, and act as an anti-inflammatory agent in the body. The primary sources of omega-3 fatty acids in the diet are fish, organ meats, and DHA-enriched foods such as eggs. Based on these food sources, vegetarians may not get enough omega-3 fatty acids in their diet. Adding some plant-based omega-3 rich foods can help the vegetarian meets their needs.

What are the health benefits?

There are many reasons why people choose to follow a vegetarian or a plant-based diet, including financial reasons, ethical, environmental concerns and religious beliefs. Some people make the change for health reasons, as well. Vegetarian and plant-based eating may help reduce the risk of:

• Cancer
• Diabetes
• Heart disease
• High blood pressure
• Kidney disease
• Obesity

Yes. They can be higher in carbohydrates and lower in protein than meat-based diets, so glucose levels may be affected. As a result, your healthcare provider may need to change the amount or type of your diabetes medicine. Anyone interested in changing to vegetarian or plant-based eating, including people with diabetes, should work with a dietitian to make sure they are meeting their nutritional needs.

Is vegetarian/plant-based eating nutritionally adequate?

A well-planned vegetarian/plant-based diet can be healthful and nutritionally adequate. Keep in mind that the more restricted the diet, the greater the chance of a nutritional deficiency. Below are some considerations.

Protein:

Vegetarian/plant-based diet(s) can provide an adequate amount of protein as long as you eat a variety of foods and consume adequate protein sources. Protein is made up of amino acids, nine of which are called essential amino acids. Animal foods contain all of the essential amino acids, whereas plant foods are missing one or two. However, if you eat a variety of plant foods, you will get all nine essential amino acids.

Sources of Plant Protein:

Legumes (Pulses)

Legumes include dry beans, peas, and lentils. They are an excellent food to extend or replace meat. Legumes are low cost, high in nutritive value, and contribute iron, B vitamins, and fiber to your diet. They are not a complete protein, because they do not contain all of the essential amino acids the body needs. When combined with a variety of other plant-based foods throughout the week, legumes can become valuable protein sources in your diet. Legumes may be purchased dry or canned. Dry legumes tend to be less expensive

Dry Beans: Rich in protein, iron, calcium, phosphorus and potassium. There are many varieties of dry beans including black beans, garbanzo beans (also called chickpeas), kidney beans, lima beans, navy beans and pinto beans.

Dry Peas: Good sources of protein, iron, potassium and thiamin. They are green or yellow and can be purchased split or whole.

Lentils: They are rich in protein, iron, potassium, calcium and phosphorus. They are small disc-shaped legumes; they can be brown, yellow or red.

Soy Products: Soy products include tofu, soymilk, tempeh and other products. They are derived from soybeans, a rich source of plant-based protein. Protein in soybeans contains as much complete protein as meat and are a good source of B vitamins and essential fatty acids, including some omega-3s. Soy foods are typically low in unhealthy fats (saturated/trans) and are cholesterol-free. They also contain isoflavones which may help lower the risk of some chronic diseases.

Soybean: A legume, which is an excellent, inexpensive source of protein and iron. Soybeans can be eaten in their whole form and, but are also used to make a number of vegetarian substitutions for meat, dairy, and eggs.

Soy cheese: A cheese-like product made from soybeans. They come in a variety of flavors such as parmesan, mozzarella and cheddar. Not all soy cheeses are vegan; some contain the milk protein casein.

Soymilk: A milk-like product made from soybeans, with a similar amount of protein and less fat than cow’s milk. Not all soymilks are vegan as some contain the milk protein casein. Fortified soymilks have calcium and vitamin D added.

Tempeh: Made from fermented soybeans and other grains, tempeh is a replacement for meat.

Textured Soy Protein (TSP): Commonly used as a substitute for ground beef; TSP is derived from soy flour.

Tofu: Made from curdled soymilk and pressed into blocks. It can be used as a replacement for meat, eggs and cheese and can be eaten fresh or cooked in many different ways. Tofu is an excellent source of protein. Types and suggestions of how to use tofu:

• Extra-firm tofu: frying, roasting, grilling or marinating
• Firm tofu: stir-frying, boiling or use as a filling
• Soft tofu: pureeing
• Silken tofu: pureeing, simmering, egg substitution, used in vegan desserts and smoothies

Nuts and Seeds:

Nuts and seeds are some of the best plant sources of protein. They are rich in fiber, folic acid, potassium, antioxidants (vitamin E and selenium) and phytochemicals as well. Nuts are high in monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, including omega 3 fatty acids. Because nuts and seeds are high in fat, portions should be limited.

• Tree nuts: Includes almonds, Brazil nuts, cashews, hazelnuts, macadamias, pecans, pine nuts, pistachios and walnuts.
• Seeds: Includes pumpkin, sesame, sunflower, chia and flaxseed.
• Nut Butters: Peanut butter is the most popular but other nuts and seeds make butter: sunflower, almond, cashew, hazelnut and soy.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Sources of Omega-3 foods:

• Flaxseed
• Chia seeds
• Hemp seeds
• Walnuts
• Canola oil
• Soy
• Some soymilks and breakfast bars

Iron:

Plant foods contain a different form of iron than animal foods, called non-heme iron. Non-heme iron is not as well absorbed as heme iron. Non-heme iron will be better absorbed if eaten along with foods that contain vitamin C, or by cooking foods in cast-iron pots and pans. The daily recommendation for iron intake is 1.8 times higher for vegetarians than those who eat meat. For most vegetarians, an iron supplement is recommended to help meet iron requirements.

Sources of iron:

• Bran flakes cereal Pumpkin seeds Instant oatmeal Dried beans/peas Fortified cereals Tofu
• Sea vegetables Textured vegetable protein

Sources of vitamin C:

• Cantaloupe 
• Strawberries
• Honeydew melon 
• Broccoli
• Citrus fruits 
• Green peppers
• Kiwi 
• Tomatoes
• Papaya 
• Brussels sprouts

Zinc:

As with iron, zinc is a mineral that is present in plant foods but better absorbed from animal sources. As a result, some vegetarians can have lower concentrations of zinc than non-vegetarian diets. Most vegetarians still have levels within the normal range. True zinc deficiencies are rare in Western civilizations. Including foods rich in zinc can help the vegetarian maintain adequate levels of zinc in their body. Like iron, zinc can be better absorbed when eaten in combination with vitamin C-rich foods. (See list above)

Sources of Zinc:

• Legumes
• Grains
• Cheese
• Nuts

Vitamin B-12:

Vitamin B-12 is found mainly in animal foods. Some plant foods contain vitamin B-12, but not in a usable form. A lacto-ovo or lacto-vegetarian diet will provide adequate amounts of vitamin B-12. Certain foods are fortified with vitamin B-12, such as some breakfast cereals, soymilk and meat substitutes. If you are a vegan, you must either make sure you eat these fortified foods, or take a B-12 supplement.

Sources of Vitamin B-12:

• Fortified cereals 
• Eggs
• Brewer’s yeast Milk and milk products
• Fortified meat substitutes 
• Fortified soy milk

Calcium:

A lacto-ovo vegetarian diet generally is adequate in calcium. A vegan diet tends to provide lower amounts of calcium, although, with careful planning, a vegan diet can supply enough calcium. Your dietitian may recommend a calcium supplement if you can’t meet your calcium needs through food sources.

Note: Calcium decreases the absorption of iron. If taking supplemental calcium or iron, take them at separate times of the day.

Sources of calcium:

• Milk and milk products 
• Legumes
• Fortified soy milk 
• Collard greens
• Tofu (made with calcium) 
• Turnip greens
• Fortified orange juice 
• Kale

Vitamin D:

Vegan diets may be low in vitamin D, since cow’s milk is the most common source of this vitamin. However, if you follow a vegan diet, you can get enough vitamin D from fortified cereals and fortified milk alternatives. Unprotected exposure to sunlight (hands and arms) for 15-20 minutes a day can also supply adequate vitamin D. Some people may need a vitamin D supplement. Your dietitian may recommend supplemental vitamin D if your diet is deficient and/or your vitamin D level is low.

Sources of vitamin D:

• Fortified cereals 
• Fortified soy milk
• Milk
• Sunlight

Getting started with vegetarian/plant-based meal planning

Choose a variety of foods, including whole grains, vegetables, fruits, legumes, nuts, seeds, and, if desired, dairy products and eggs.

Try gradually decreasing the amount of animal protein to allow time to adjust to a vegetarian/plant-based diet.

Substitute soy products (tofu, meat substitutes) and legumes for meat, poultry and fish.

If you use milk products and eggs, choose lower-fat versions of these foods, such as skim or 1% milk and yogurt, and egg whites or egg substitutes.

If you are following a vegan diet, be sure to include a regular source of vitamin B-12 in your diet along with a source of vitamin D if sun exposure is limited. Supplements are often required to meet nutrient needs.

Use fats sparingly; choose unsaturated fats, such as olive, canola and peanut oils, nuts and seeds, instead of saturated fats, such as butter, margarine and cream cheese.

Limit your intake of high-fat foods, such as cheeses, whole milk, nuts, seeds, avocados and oils, especially if you are trying to lose weight.

Be sure to count the carbohydrates in foods – many vegetarian diets can be very high in carbohydrates. Keep your carbohydrate intake consistent and read food labels carefully for their carbohydrate content.

It is important to monitor your glucose regularly if you are changing to a vegetarian diet/plant-based diet. Your diabetes medication or insulin dose may need to be adjusted, especially if you are eating more carbohydrates than before.

Vegetarian meal ideas

Below are some meal ideas to help get you started? Again, be sure to include a variety of foods in your eating plan.

• Breakfast: Whole-grain cereal and skim/1% fat or milk alternatives; whole-grain toast; bagels; English muffins; pancakes and waffles; fruit; eggs and egg substitutes; nonfat Greek yogurt; regular/low-fat cheeses; peanut and nut butter; tofu “cream cheese”; vegetarian/plant-based proteins “bacon” and “sausage”.
• Lunch/Supper: grilled cheese sandwich; hummus and vegetable sandwich; peanut butter and jelly sandwich; minestrone, bean, split pea and lentil soups; vegetable pizza; rice and beans; bean and vegetable burritos bowls; macaroni and cheese; vegetarian lasagna; stir-fry vegetables and tofu; “veggie/plant-based” burgers; vegetarian-style chili

Note: Many vegetarian and planted-based frozen products are not necessarily healthy choices. Some of the products can be high in calories and fat. Always read the nutrition facts to make sure the item is appropriate for your goals. 

Resources:

The Vegetarian Resource Group - https://www.vrg.org/
Eating Vegetarian - https://www.nutrition.gov/topics/basic-nutrition/eating-vegetarian
Vegetarian Times - https://www.vegetariantimes.com
Mark Bittman - https://www.markbittman.com/
PBS, Jazzy Vegetarian Cooking Show - http://www.pbs.org/food/shows/jazzy-vegetarian/
Forks over Knives - https://www.forksoverknives.com/
The Plant-Based Network - https://plantbasednetwork.com

Although this content is reviewed by Joslin Diabetes Center healthcare professionals, it is not intended to replace the medical advice of your doctor or healthcare provider. Please consult your healthcare provider for advice about a specific medical condition.

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Have a great week, everyone, and thank you for your support!

Blessed be… and happy cooking!

                                                            Chef Michael R

Weekend Ramble: Hail Hydrate!

I think we can all agree that hydration is needed to survive. Hydration is especially important for us diabetics so that our systems can operate at max efficiency... you know... that well oiled machine theory. ;-) 

A constant struggle for many seems to be just how much hydration we need on a daily basis. There are different schools of thought on quantities of daily water consumption, the main one pushing for 64 oz of water daily, regardless of gender and body weight. 

I have always questioned this one, because I just don't see a 125 lb person needing the same intake as someone at 250 lbs. Gender is probably another factor, but that's a topic for another day. 

I recently came across some research that purports drinking half your body weight equated to water ounces for daily consumption. For example, a person like me weighing 210 lbs would consume 105 ounces of liquid over the course of 24 hrs.

Three of these just about do the trick for me for one day.

Flavored seltzer is my beverage of choice because there are no sweeteners or salts. I may fill one or more of these with plain water and a squeeze of real lemon, too.

Seltzer may not be everyone's choice, and I get that. The idea is to find beverages that not only work for you, but that also work FOR you from a diabetic standpoint. In that search, I recommend steering clear of anything labeled "Sugar Free" that is instead loaded with artificial sweeteners.

To that end I would like to share with you two articles that provide good guidelines on how to structure good diabetic hydration. Enjoy!

THE BEST AND WORST DRINKS FOR DIABETES

By JENNIFER NADEL, MD

Dr. Jennifer Nadel is a board certified emergency medicine physician and received her medical degree from the George Washington University School of Medicine. She has worked in varied practice environments, including academic urban level-one trauma centers, community hospital emergency departments, skilled nursing facilities, telemedicine, EMS medical control, and flight medicine.

People who have type 2 diabetes need to be aware of how drinks can affect their blood sugar levels. Certain beverages can increase glucose. Luckily, there are plenty of tasty drinks that people living with diabetes can enjoy.

In this article, we’ll explore the best and worst drinks for diabetes and how to make the best choices for supporting balanced blood sugar.

Best Drinks for Diabetes

If you have type 2 diabetes, staying hydrated can help support healthy blood glucose levels. However, some beverages make it harder to control blood sugar. The following are the best drinks to enjoy if you have type 2 diabetes.

Water

Proper hydration is key for a number of essential bodily functions, including removing waste, transporting nutrients, and cell metabolism. And when it comes to hydration, water is the best drink option for everyone, including those who have type 2 diabetes.

Drinking enough water each day can help keep blood sugar levels balanced. While each person’s water requirement differs based on body weight and activity levels, the Institute of Medicine suggests the following daily water needs:

Adults assigned male at birth: 3.08 liters (about 13 cups)

Adults assigned female at birth: 2.13 liters (about 9 cups)

Your medical provider can share specific guidance on how many cups of water to aim for. If you dislike plain water, you can make it more appealing by:

Adding ice

Trying filtered water versus tap water

Infusing it with citrus or cucumber slices

Adding fresh herbs like mint or basil

Herbal Tea

Herbal teas can add flavor and variety to your daily fluid intake. Herbal teas do not contain calories or carbohydrates. Many contain beneficial compounds, like flavonoids, that can offer health benefits.

Herbal tea options include:

Peppermint

Chamomile

Ginger

Raspberry

Hibiscus

Rooibos

Remember: Adding honey or sugar to herbal tea will affect your blood sugar. If you do not like plain herbal tea, consider boosting the flavor with freshly squeezed lemon juice or a sugar-free sweetener.

Unsweetened Iced Tea

People who have type 2 diabetes can enjoy black and green teas. Research has found that green tea in particular is rich in flavonoids and may reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes.

If you want to add more flavor to unsweetened tea without adding sugar, try lemon or other fruit infusions.

Unsweetened Black Coffee

Caffeinated black coffee is not necessarily bad for blood sugar. Research has associated the unsweetened beverage with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes and improved long-term management of blood sugar responses in the body. However, adding sugar or milk may disrupt blood sugar balance.

Sugar-Free Sparkling Water

Seltzer water or sparkling water can make daily hydration more interesting. Many brands and flavors of sparkling water contain no added sugar or sweeteners, making them a good option for supporting daily hydration. They are also a good swap for soda or other carbonated drinks.

When selecting sparkling water, read the labels. Look for beverages that contain no calories or added sugars or sweeteners. You can also add citrus slices and fruit infusions to sparkling water to create an even richer flavor.

Worst Drinks for Diabetes

When managing type 2 diabetes, some drinks are a lot worse than others for causing glucose problems.

Fruit Juice

While drinks that contain 100% juice may offer some nutritional value (such as vitamin C), it’s best to consume whole fruit. Fruit juice contains all the carbohydrates but little of the fiber that’s naturally found in fruit. This can lead to blood sugar spikes.

If you are going to drink fruit juice, choose one with no added sugars and limit your intake to a half-cup (4 ounces). You can also add a few tablespoons of 100% fruit juice to plain or sparkling water, which minimizes added sugars while giving some of the desired flavor.

Soda

Most people who are managing type 2 diabetes know that soda can be problematic. One 12-ounce sugar-sweetened soda drink can contain more than 40 grams of sugars and 150 calories. If someone consumes soda from a restaurant, the cup size is usually 16 or 20 ounces, which only increases the amount of sugars consumed.

While diet soda doesn’t contain sugar, research does not definitely rule out any association with diabetes. If you are going to occasionally consume soda, diet soda is better for blood sugar control. But water, sparkling water, herbal teas, and black coffee are the best beverage choices for people who have type 2 diabetes.

Sweet Tea

Unsweetened black or green tea are good options for people who have type 2 diabetes. However, sweet tea contains as much or more sugar than regular soda: A 20-ounce bottle contains about 55 grams. Sugar-sweetened beverages are associated with a higher risk for type 2 diabetes and more problems with controlling blood sugar levels.

Energy Drinks

Energy drinks are typically high in carbohydrates and sugars, which can lead to blood sugar disruptions. In some cases, people are accustomed to consuming 2-3 energy drinks per day, which can lead to significant increases in blood sugar levels, blood pressure, and body weight.

Alcohol

Alcohol can lead to problems controlling blood sugar because it initially may lead to a decrease in glucose levels, but eventually could contribute to insulin resistance or overall health issues that are associated with type 2 diabetes, like obesity, heart problems, or high blood pressure. Some alcohol beverages also contain added sugars. Additionally, some research has linked regular elevated intakes of alcohol with an increased risk for prediabetes.

The American Diabetes Association suggests that people who have type 2 diabetes consume limited amounts of alcohol. That means two drinks or less per day for people assigned male at birth, and one drink or less for people assigned female at birth. Your medical provider may recommend less than this, especially if you consume medication that could interact with alcohol or you have other health-related factors that may be worsened by alcohol intake.

Bottom Line

If you have type 2 diabetes, you do not only have to drink plain water. There are many flavorful options for healthy drinks. Avoiding beverages that contain added sugars is an important part of managing blood sugar.

K Health articles are all written and reviewed by MDs, PhDs, NPs, or PharmDs and are for informational purposes only. This information does not constitute and should not be relied on for professional medical advice. Always talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits of any treatment.

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This second article focuses on a favorite of mine... carbonated water. There are many carbonated beverages out there... some, like quite a few sparkling waters, are loaded with artificial sweeteners... Always read labels when you make your choices. :-)

Carbonated (Sparkling) Water: Good or Bad?

By Franziska Spritzler — Updated on February 24, 2023  at  Healthline.com

Many people question if this beverage may have a negative impact on your dental, digestive, or bone health. However, it’s often co nsidered to be a healthy way to stay hydrated.

Carbonated water is a refreshing beverage and good alternative to sugary soft drinks. However, some people are concerned that it may be bad for your health. This article takes a detailed look at the health effects of carbonated water.

What is carbonated water?

Carbonated water is water that has been infused with carbon dioxide gas under pressure. This produces a bubbly drink that’s also known as sparkling water, club soda, soda water, seltzer water, and fizzy water.

Apart from seltzer water, carbonated waters usually have salt added to improve their taste. Sometimes small amounts of other minerals are included. 

Natural sparkling mineral waters, such as Perrier and San Pellegrino, are different. These waters are captured from a mineral spring and tend to contain minerals and sulfur compounds. They are often carbonated as well.

Tonic water is a form of carbonated water that contains a bitter compound called quinine, along with sugar or high-fructose corn syrup.

SUMMARY

Carbonated water combines water and carbon dioxide under pressure. Sodium and other minerals are often added.

Carbonated water is acidic

Carbon dioxide and water react chemically to produce carbonic acid, a weak acid that’s been shown to stimulate the same nerve receptors in your mouth as mustard. This triggers a burning, prickly sensation that can be both irritating and enjoyable.

The pH of carbonated water is 3–4, which means it’s slightly acidic. However, drinking an acidic beverage like carbonated water does not make your body more acidic. Your kidneys and lungs remove excess carbon dioxide. This keeps your blood at a slightly alkaline pH of 7.35–7.45 regardless of what you eat or drink.

SUMMARY

Carbonated water is acidic, but your body should maintain a stable, slightly alkaline pH no matter what you consume.

Does it affect dental health?

One of the biggest concerns about sparkling water is its effect on teeth, as your enamel is directly exposed to acid.

There is very little research on this topic, but one study found that sparkling mineral water damaged enamel only slightly more than still water. Furthermore, mineral water was 100 times less damaging than a sugary soft drink.

In one study, carbonated beverages showed strong potential to destroy enamel — but only if they contained sugar. In fact, a non-carbonated sweet beverage (Gatorade) was more harmful than a carbonated sugar-free drink (Diet Coke) (Trusted Source).

Another study placed samples of tooth enamel in various beverages for up to 24 hours. The sugar-sweetened carbonated and non-carbonated beverages resulted in significantly greater enamel loss than their diet counterparts (5Trusted Source).

A review of several studies found that the combination of sugar and carbonation may lead to severe dental decay (6Trusted Source).

However, plain sparkling water appears to pose little risk to dental health. Only the sugary types are harmful (7Trusted Source).

If you’re concerned about dental health, try drinking sparkling water with a meal or rinsing your mouth with plain water after drinking it.

SUMMARY

Sugar-sweetened carbonated beverages can erode tooth enamel, but plain carbonated water appears relatively harmless.

Does it affect digestion?

Carbonated water may benefit your digestive health in several ways.

Can improve swallowing ability

Studies suggest that sparkling water may improve swallowing ability in both young and older adults (8Trusted Source, 9Trusted Source, 10Trusted Source).

In one study, 16 healthy people were asked to repeatedly swallow different liquids. Carbonated water showed the strongest ability to stimulate the nerves responsible for swallowing (9Trusted Source).

Another study showed that the combination of cold temperature and carbonation strengthened these beneficial effects (10Trusted Source).

In a study in 72 people who felt a persistent need to clear their throats, drinking ice-cold carbonated water led to improvements in 63% of participants. Those with the most frequent, severe symptoms experienced the greatest relief (11Trusted Source).

May increase feelings of fullness

Carbonated water may also extend feelings of fullness after meals to a greater extent than plain water.

Sparkling water may help food remain in your stomach longer, which can trigger a greater sensation of fullness (12Trusted Source).

In a controlled study in 19 healthy young women, fullness scores were higher after the participants drank 8 ounces (250 ml) of soda water, compared with after drinking still water (13Trusted Source).

However, larger studies are needed to confirm these results.

May help relieve constipation

People who experience constipation may find that drinking sparkling water helps relieve their symptoms.

In a 2-week study in 40 older individuals who had experienced a stroke, average bowel movement frequency nearly doubled in the group that drank carbonated water, compared with the group that drank tap water.

What’s more, participants reported a 58% decrease in constipation symptoms (14Trusted Source).

There’s also evidence that sparkling water may improve other symptoms of indigestion, including stomach pain.

One controlled study examined 21 people with chronic digestive issues. After 15 days, those who drank carbonated water experienced significant improvements in digestive symptoms, constipation, and gallbladder emptying (15Trusted Source).

SUMMARY

Carbonated water has benefits for digestion. It may improve swallowing, increase feelings of fullness, and reduce constipation.

Does carbonated water affect bone health?

Many people believe that carbonated beverages are bad for bones because of their high acid content. However, research suggests the carbonation isn’t to blame.

A large observational study in over 2,500 people found that cola was the only beverage associated with significantly lower bone mineral density. Carbonated water appeared to have no effect on bone health (16Trusted Source).

Unlike carbonated water and clear soda, cola drinks contain a lot of phosphorus.

The researchers proposed that the cola drinkers may have been consuming too much phosphorus and insufficient calcium, providing a potential risk factor for bone loss.

In another study, teen girls who consumed carbonated drinks were found to have lower bone mineral density. This was attributed to beverages that replaced milk in their diet, resulting in inadequate calcium intake (17Trusted Source).

In a controlled study in 18 postmenopausal women, drinking 34 ounces (1 liter) of sodium-rich sparkling water daily for 8 weeks led to better calcium retention than drinking plain mineral water (18Trusted Source).

Additionally, no negative effects on bone health were observed in the sparkling water group.

Animal research suggests carbonated water may even improve bone health.

Supplementing hens’ diets with carbonated water for 6 weeks led to increased leg bone strength compared with tap water (19Trusted Source).

SUMMARY

Drinking carbonated cola drinks may harm bone health, but plain sparkling water appears to have a neutral or positive effect.

Does it affect heart health?

Research suggests carbonated water may improve heart health, although the evidence is very limited.

One study in 18 postmenopausal women showed that drinking sodium-rich carbonated water decreased LDL (bad) cholesterol, inflammatory markers, and blood sugar.

What’s more, they also experienced an increase in HDL (good) cholesterol (20Trusted Source).

Additionally, the estimated risk of developing heart disease within 10 years was 35% lower among those drinking carbonated water than those drinking the control water.

However, since this was only one small study, significantly more research is needed before any conclusions can be reached.

SUMMARY

Carbonated water may have beneficial effects on your cholesterol, inflammation, and blood sugar levels, potentially reducing your risk of heart disease. However, more studies are necessary.

The bottom line

No evidence suggests that carbonated or sparkling water is bad for you.

It’s not that harmful to dental health, and it seems to have no effect on bone health.

Interestingly, a carbonated drink may even enhance digestion by improving swallowing ability and reducing constipation.

It’s also a calorie-free beverage that causes a pleasurable bubbly sensation. Many people prefer it over still water.

There’s no reason to give up this beverage if you enjoy it. In fact, it may even improve your overall health.

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Have a great week, everyone, and thank you for your support!

Blessed be… and happy cooking!

                                                            Chef Michael R

Weekend Ramble: What Not to Do When You're Immunocompromised

Welcome to the Weekend Ramble. We all share the same disease... the type really doesn't really matter because germs and bacteria don't care what type of diabetes you have. What does matter is that the myriad of bacteria in our world see us as an easy target because we are immunocompromised. We are not just an easy target, but because our resistance is lowered by diabetes there's a pretty good chance that something like a flu could be far worse for us than for the average healthy person. I know that sucks... believe me I do because I've been there. So...what do we do? We fight... and we fight by being diligent in avoiding stuff that can hurt or, worst case, kill us.

The following article outlines 11 common sense actions to incorporate in your daily living. Most of them you probably already know and do, but a refresher never hurt, right? ;-)

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What Not to Do When You're Immunocompromised

Medically Reviewed by Neha Pathak, MD on 9-9-2022
Written by Alyson Powell Key

Originally published on WebMD.com 

What Does 'Immunocompromised' Mean?

When you're immunocompromised, your immune system doesn't work as it should to fight infections and disease. This can result from conditions like HIV and AIDS, diabetes, lupus, and cancer, or from a bone marrow or organ transplant. You can also become "immunosuppressed" from certain treatments, like chemotherapy and corticosteroids. To protect against illness, there are some things you should avoid.

Stay Away From Pet Poop

Pet poop may carry parasites like Toxoplasma gondii or cryptosporidium (crypto). These can infect anyone, but immunocompromised people are more likely to get seriously ill. Wear gloves to clean the litter box or cage, or ask someone else to do it. Afterward, wash your hands thoroughly. Stay away from reptiles, amphibians, and farm animals. Ask your doctor and vet how to stay safe.

Avoid Unwashed Produce

Fresh fruits and veggies can spread foodborne illnesses. Wash any produce you plan to eat raw with running (and uncontaminated) water. Peel fruits before you eat them. Use a brush to scrub hard-skinned items like potatoes and carrots. Don't soak produce in the sink, which may harbor bacteria. In particular, stay away from raw or lightly cooked sprouts, like alfalfa sprouts.

Don't Swallow Unsafe Water

Even chlorinated water and saltwater can contain bugs like crypto. Never swallow water when you swim in a pool, lake, river, or ocean. Don't drink from springs or private wells. Depending on water quality in your area, even tap water – and ice made with it – could be risky. It may be best to drink only bottled water, or use a filter.

Don't Have Unsafe Sex

Sexually transmitted infections can be more serious when you’re immunocompromised. Parasites like crypto may also spread through sexual contact. Avoid activities involving oral-anal or oral-genital contact, or use barrier protections like dental dams or condoms. Thoroughly wash your hands and genitals with soap and water after sex.

Stop Smoking

Smoking itself weakens your immune system, raising your risks for many diseases and infections. It can even lead to autoimmune conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, in which your immune system attacks healthy body tissues. And it harms your lungs, leaving less healthy tissue to fight off respiratory illnesses like COVID-19. Ask your doctor about the best ways to quit.

Say No to Sushi

A weak immune system makes you vulnerable to food poisoning and can make it more serious if you get it. So raw fish, as well as uncooked meats like steak tartare, are off the table. Other no-nos include:

• Uncooked or undercooked eggs
• Rare burgers and steaks
• Soft cheeses like brie and Camembert, as well as blue-veined cheese
• Uncooked deli meats like bologna and turkey breast
• Self-serve buffets and salad bars

Beware of Bug Bites

Mosquitoes and ticks spread infections that can be serious for those with weak immune systems. Before heading outdoors:

• Use bug repellent with effective ingredients like DEET or picaridin.
•  Wear protective clothing.
• Avoid wooded and brushy areas.
• Check pets and yourself for ticks on your return. If you're traveling to an area prone to mosquito-borne illnesses, ask your doctor about medicine to ward off disease.

Don't Garden Without Gloves

Bug spray isn't the only protection you need when you head out to work in your yard. Soil contains bacteria and mold that could lead to fungal infections. Wear gardening gloves to guard against cuts and scrapes to your hands, which give bacteria a way to enter your body. Long pants and long sleeves help, too. In some cases, your doctor may recommend that you avoid contact with soil.

Don't Skip Any Shots

It's true that you should forgo most "live" vaccines – those containing a weak form of the disease-causing virus – like the yellow fever vaccination. But "inactivated" vaccines, like the flu and pneumonia shots, are made from dead viruses. They're generally safe, and they're important to protect against infections. Your doctor can tell you which are right for you.

Don't Be Careless About COVID-19

When you’re immunocompromised, you're more likely to get COVID-19, get seriously ill from it, and stay sick longer. Use these protections:

• Get a COVID-19 vaccine, including suggested boosters.
• Take medicine (Evusheld) to boost your immune system response and prevent infection.
• Wear a high-quality mask when you're around others.
• Avoid crowded indoor events.

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Have a great week, everyone, and thank you for your support!

Blessed be… and happy cooking!

                                                            Chef Michael R

Weekend Ramble: What Your Friends With Diabetes Want You to Know

This weekend is a little different. Beth Axtell at WebMD put together this article that is designed to help your friends interact better with you as a person with diabetes. Most people just don't know enough about our disease and may very well be misinformed. Share this article with your family and friends and talk to them. Discuss the parameters of how the disease does... and does not... affect you so that our relationships can continue normally and without stigmas.

What Your Friends With Diabetes Want You to Know

Medically Reviewed by Michael Dansinger, MD on January 28, 2023

 Written by Beth Axtell

 

Blame and Shame Aren’t Helpful

Skinny people can get diabetes, too. Sure, lifestyle plays a big role, but so do genes and ethnic background. Type 2 diabetes is about the body not making enough insulin and not properly using what it does make. There are things your friend can do to improve their diabetes, but the blame game doesn’t help. It’s better to help with problem solving.

This Disease Is Expensive

Between doctor visits, testing supplies, and medications, care for diabetes is very pricey. One recent study found that people with diabetes spend nearly three times more for deductibles, copayments, and coinsurance than those without diabetes.

There Are Ups and Downs

Even when your friend is doing everything right -- counting carbs, planning meals, going for daily walks -- sometimes their diabetes is out of control. Stress and hormones can mess with blood sugar.

The disease is also progressive. What once worked may not do the job anymore. Damage to your friend’s pancreas can get worse over time. That can give them less insulin to work with. Many times, people with the disease need more medicine as time goes on.

Encouragement and Support Are Critical

Instead of pointing out shortcomings, encourage and praise your friend when you see them make a healthy choice. Tell them that cauliflower-crust pizza looks delicious. Invite them out for a walk or a bike ride. Work with your friend to tweak a favorite recipe so it fits in their meal plans. Offer to drive them to the doctor or to help create a weekly meal plan.

Keep Those Invites Coming

Just because your friend has diabetes doesn’t mean they can’t do things with you. They may need to plan ahead and make a few adjustments, but they can still attend parties, go to amusement parks and restaurants, go hiking, camping, dancing, or participate in countless other things.

Look for Signs of Low Blood Sugar

Your friend may not always realize when theirs gets too low. That can make thoughts foggy. If your friend seems tired, weak, shaky, dizzy, sweaty, or irritable, suggest that they check their blood sugar. You may even want to ask if you can bring them some juice.

Stop Talking About Cures

Resist the urge to tell your friend about the latest miracle cure you read about. Sticking to their diet plan, losing weight, and exercising will help control their blood sugar. But their diabetes won’t go away completely.

One Piece of Candy Won’t Kill Me

Don’t get judgmental on them or freak out. As long as they plan for their sweets as part of a healthy meal plan or combine them with exercise, your friend can have a little dessert. Sweets are no more forbidden for them than they are for you. They just have to have a small portion and make sure they account for the carbs.

My Foot Pain Can Be Terrible

Sometimes the foot pain with diabetes is so bad that people can barely walk. This can really make it hard for people with the disease to get the exercise they need. Over time, diabetes can result in nerve damage called diabetic neuropathy. It causes burning, tingling, and stabbing pains. Some days the pain makes it hard to function at all. Eventually, neuropathy can also make them lose feeling in their feet. 

Don’t Be All Doom and Gloom

Yes, your friend knows some people with diabetes lose their eyesight, or have a foot amputated, or need dialysis. But they don’t need to be reminded of it. These are worst-case scenarios that are much more likely to happen to people who don’t manage their diabetes well.

If your friend works hard to control their blood glucose levels, checks their feet every day, and goes to the eye doctor every year, they can help prevent these and other complications.

Diabetes Has Lots of Hidden Effects

Diabetes can affect every part of your friend’s body, especially if they don’t keep tight control of their blood sugar.

Daily symptoms can include fatigue, thirst, hunger, needing to pee a lot, and mood swings. Possible long-term effects include heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, nerve pain, numbness, sexual dysfunction, non-healing wounds, dental problems, vomiting, diarrhea, and depression.

Changing Habits Is a Struggle

People with diabetes have to change decades-long habits. Exchanging unhealthy routines for healthy ones requires constant attention. Your friend probably has to think about it and make conscious decisions all day. Sometimes, they’ll slip up, but they can always start working at it again.

Managing Diabetes Is a Big Job

All this can be complicated, time-consuming, and exhausting. On top of the regular responsibilities of life, your friend:

• Checks and treats their blood sugars
• Counts their carbs
• Plans their meals
• Exercises
• Takes medicines
• Checks and gives added care to their feet
• Keeps up with doctor and dietitian appointments

It’s a constant balancing act.

Sometimes, a Vent Helps

Your friend can get frustrated, tired, and overwhelmed. There comes a point when they need to let it out. They just need you to listen. Don’t take on their problems or try to solve them. After they’re through, help them reframe their thoughts. Then, talk through some solutions.

I’m Still Me

Diabetes doesn’t define your friend. The person they are now is no different from the person they were before they were told they had diabetes. Some of their behaviors and habits may have changed -- for the better. They aren’t their disease. They aren’t “diabetic.” They’re a person with diabetes.

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Have a great week, everyone, and thank you for your support!

Blessed be… and happy cooking!

                                                            Chef Michael R